English courses develop skills in reading, writing, speaking and listening as students read and respond to quality literature in all its forms. Students are expected to write in creative and expository formats and apply grammatical and composition guidelines to their speech and writing as they prepare themselves for the academic rigor of college. Students are asked to think critically and express their thoughts logically.

Selection Process for Honors English or AP English
Students are accepted for Honors and AP English courses based on their grades in English, a writing sample, and their English teacher's recommendation. Students must reapply for Honors courses every year. If a student applies for an Honors course and is not accepted, he or she may apply again the following year for an Honors course. Students do not need to be in Honors courses to be accepted into Advanced Placement English in their senior year. Students who are not enrolled in AP English may also take the AP exams in English.

* indicates a required course.

*English 9
1 credit
This course prepares students for upper-level language study and encourages a life-long love of learning and reading. Students develop reading, writing, speaking, listening and critical thinking skills through a wide variety of literature and activities. Major literary works include Romeo and Juliet and The Chosen, and other novels and plays. Students also study and write poetry, short stories, vignettes and formal essays.

*English 10
1 credit
Over the course of the year, students will practice their close reading and critical thinking skills through the study of fiction, non-fiction and poetry that includes both time-honored and contemporary works. Examples of such works include A Tale of Two Cities, one Shakespearean play, Our Town, Peace Like a River, Into the Wild, and the poems of Robert Frost. To re-enforce and to expand their writing skills, students will write in diverse forms, including the following: full-length literary analysis essay, in-class essay, full-length research paper that follows MLA format, memoir, and original poetry writing. In addition, the students will do an intensive study of college-preparatory vocabulary, will memorize Shakespearean verse and a Robert Frost poem of their choosing, and will strive to master the rules of punctuation.

Honors English 10
1 credit
Application process , replaces English 10
Centered on the theme of "points of view," this class incorporates challenging and diverse works of literature including short stories, poetry, a Shakespeare play, a Dickens novel, and other varied fiction and non-fiction. Instruction combines terms, activities and skills recommended by the College Board. Students develop their critical reading and analytical writing skills focusing on diction, syntax, tone and detail. Other assignments include formal and informal responses to literature, a research paper, literary essays, and creative writing assignments. Summer reading and writing required.

*English 11
1 credit
In this chronological survey of American literature, composition assignments are integrated with the study of important works of American literature such as The Scarlet Letter, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Great Gatsby, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and The Things They Carried. Supplementary readings include nonfiction essays, short stories by American authors, American poets from the 18th century to the present, and at least one modern play such as The Death of a Salesman. Students will gain understanding of literary forms, dominant philosophies and historical background associated with eras of American literature. Writing instruction focuses on the expository essay - narrative, comparison/contrast, literary analysis, and descriptive. Students will prepare for the college application process by completing programmed vocabulary study; grammar study and application; and writing a college application essay.

Honors English 11
1 credit
Replaces English 11; application required
This introductory college-level course offers juniors the opportunity to read and carefully analyze a broad and challenging range of American fiction and nonfiction prose selections, deepening their awareness of rhetoric and how language works.  Course readings feature expository, analytical, personal, and argumentative nonfiction from a variety of authors and historical contexts.  Students will also examine and work with essays, letters, speeches, images, and imaginative literature such as Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and Miller’s Death of a Salesman.  In addition, students will complete a programmed study of vocabulary throughout the course.  Summer reading and writing are required.  Students will prepare for the AP Exam in Language and Composition and may be granted advanced placement, college credit, or both.

*English 12
1 credit
British works such as Hamlet, Angela's Ashes and Oedipus are the basis of literature study which encourages students to think deeply and critically. Basic and finer points of writing and language usage are developed and demonstrated in full-length essays, in-class essays, original prose and poetry and a literary research paper, which is required for graduation.

AP English 12
1 credit
Application process, replaces English 12
An advanced study of the aesthetic and philosophical aspects of primarily British literature, the course may include the following novels: Heart of Darkness, Wuthering Heights, Pride and Prejudice, and Till We Have Faces. Dramas may include Hamlet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Oedipus Rex and Antigone. The course emphasizes the close, critical reading of texts and includes a comprehensive poetry unit which focuses on poets from John Donne to Richard Wilbur.

Advanced Composition
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: "B" in previous English courses. Class limited to 16 students. This course is an elective and does not replace a required English course.
A variety of creative and expository writing is required in assignments that include the following: editorial, magazine column, interview, satire, advertising copy, characterization, poetry, and a children’s book. Students will learn the importance of identifying and writing for a specific audience. In addition, students will learn how to be effective peer editors. One of the highlights of the class will be a visit from a published Twin Cities author.

Beginning Publications
1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Recommendation of English teacher.
This yearlong course introduces students to journalism from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Students will learn the basics of reporting, news and feature writing, editing, photography and page design. They will develop a more sophisticated understanding of the modern news media and develop skills in research, organization, time management, decision making, critical thinking and problem solving. The course includes training in desktop-publishing software (InDesign and Photoshop). Successful students will be capable writers and curious individuals eager to do their best work, which will be published in the school’s Talon newspaper and Antler yearbook.

Intermediate Publications
1 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Teacher approval. Successful completion of Beginning Publications normally required; rare exceptions may be made for students especially proficient in marketing, photography or graphic design.
Students lead and produce the school newspaper and yearbook. They must be self-starters who can meet deadlines and work well independently and in teams. With advanced practice in writing, editing and desktop publishing – as well as leadership, planning and project management – students gain real-world experience with many practical applications beyond high school.

Advanced Publications
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Teacher approval. Lead editors of the school newspaper and yearbook who have successfully completed both Beginning and Intermediate Publications enroll in Advanced Publications.
Students lead and produce the school newspaper and yearbook. They must be self-starters who can meet deadlines and work well independently and in teams. With advanced practice in writing, editing and desktop publishing – as well as leadership, planning and project management – students gain real-world experience with many practical applications beyond high school.Completion of a year of Advanced Publications will fulfill the Fine Arts graduation requirement.

Multicultural Literature
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10. This course is an elective and does not replace a required English course.
Through literature by Americans of varied cultural backgrounds, students explore issues of identity and respect in developing relationships. Such works as A Lesson Before Dying (Gaines), The Joy Luck Club (Tan), Bless Me, Ultima (Anaya), and Tribal Leaves (a collection of native fiction) help students develop an expanded understanding of today's society. As students become aware of cultural images in literature and learn how those cultural images influence perspectives, they learn to appreciate differences as strengths.

Shakespeare
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12. This course is an elective and does not replace a required English course.
Covering such works as Hamlet, Othello, Richard III, The Taming of the Shrew, and Henry IV, students study the poetry of Shakespeare's language and themes. They create dialogue and use characters from the plays to present actual scenes. Shakespeare wrote for a broad audience, and his plays are characterized by universal themes, characters, and situations. Involved in understanding the plays as literary and dramatic works of art, students begin to comprehend the complexities of Shakespearean language and are encouraged to use their experiences as reference points in their study of Shakespeare.

Speech Communication
.5 credit
Open to: 9,10,11,12. Prerequisite: None. This course is an elective and does not replace a required English course.
In addition to delivering five major speeches, students will also learn how to deal with stage fright, how to use the voice and body as natural and effective extensions of the words of a speech, how to write a good introduction, and how to constructively critique other classmates’ speeches in practice rounds. The five major speeches are 1) interview of a classmate 2) oral interpretation of a prose or poetry selection 3) non-original oratory 4) personal experience, and 5) Scriptural passage. Other assignments include analyzing public speakers such as the President and local TV anchors.

Advanced Speech
.5 credit
Open to: 10,11,12. Prerequisite: Speech Communication or permission of instructor. This course is an elective and does not replace a required English course.
This course is designed for students who are interested in advancing their public speaking skills. Specific assignments include analyzing great speeches, writing an original persuasive speech, writing a eulogy, and preparing a selection in at least one forensic category. The students who take this course can look forward to delivering a speech to the Minnehaha student body at some time during the semester. In addition, the students will be encouraged—but not required—to participate in Speech Team Tournaments during February and March.

Argumentation and Debate (offered fall and spring semesters; may be repeated)
.5 credit
Open to 9,10,11,12
In this course students will learn skills for effective informal, formal, and team debate. Students will develop the ability to analyze arguments, conduct in-depth research on selected topics, and speak persuasively. Topics for debate include contemporary issues, Christian apologetics, and other important subjects. Students who complete this course will be prepared to debate competitively on the Minnehaha Academy Debate team, if they choose to participate.

A minimum of three years of mathematics is required in grades 9-12. Students are placed in the appropriate course depending on previous courses taken, grades, testing and teacher recommendation. Parents may request a waiver to place the student in a course other than that recommended or to limit the math requirement to two years. Please note prerequisites.

The courses in the chart below are the courses usually taken at those grade levels., There is allowance for flexibility and individual programming.

Algebra I
1 credit
Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation
Content includes integers, equations and inequalities, formulas, problem solving using equations, operations with polynomials, special products and factoring, graphs, linear equations and functions, systems of linear equations, fractions and fractional equations, radical expressions, quadratic equations. Students understand the basic structure and recognize techniques of algebra, as well as develop the ability to apply algebraic concepts and skills. In addition, students will explore topics in statistics.

Algebra II
1 credit
Prerequisite: Completed Algebra I and teacher recommendation
This course covers real numbers and operations upon them, factoring, solving equations and systems of equations in one, two and three variable, linear functions and graphs, radicals, exponents and logarithms polynomial functions of degree greater than two and conic sections.

Algebra II/Trigonometry
1 credit
Prerequisite: Completed Geometry and Algebra I and teacher recommendation.
This course covers basic concepts of algebra, inequalities, linear equations, products and factors of polynomials, rational expressions, irrational and complex numbers, quadratic equations and functions, variations and polynomial equations, analytic geometry, exponential and logarithmic functions, conic sections, binomial expansion, sequences and series, triangle and circular trigonometry, trigonometric graphs and inverses, trigonometric applications.

Statistics/Discrete Math
1 credit
Prerequisite: Successful completion of at least Algebra II
This course utilizes the power of spreadsheets to analyze systems of voting, distribution, fair division, scheduling and finance while learning the essential skills of statistics and probability. It allows for the investigation of many topics in social statistics and regulation, as well as the mathematics of business. Other key topics can include: specific discrete and continuous probability distributions; sampling distributions; and central limit theorem.

Geometry
1 credit
Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation.
Deductive reasoning, lines, angles, polygons, congruence, transformations, parallels, similarity, circles, solids and non-Euclidean geometries are topics covered in geometry. Students will better understand the nature of a mathematical system and appreciate the geometric structure as they develop spatial visualization and perceive the role of inductive and deductive reasoning in both mathematical and nonmathematical situations. Students learn to appreciate the need for clarity and precision of language. Adrop-in unit will include topics in probability.

Enriched Geometry
1 credit
Prerequisite: Completion of Algebra I and teacher recommendation
Topics include the nature of deductive reasoning, planning and writing proofs, lines, planes, angles, polygons, congruence, parallels, similarity, circles, solids, coordinate geometry, vectors and trigonometry, and non-Euclidean geometries. Students develop the spatial visualization and learn methods of coordinate geometry, thus recognizing how algebra and geometry complement each other. They learn to appreciate the role of inductive and deductive reasoning in both mathematical and nonmathematical situations, as well as the need for clarity and precision of language. Adrop-in unit will include topics in probability.

Pre-Calculus
1 credit
Prerequisite: Completion of Algebra II or Algebra II/Trig or Enriched Geometry and teacher recommendation
Material covered includes a concentration on functions, plus coordinate geometry of points and lines, solutions of polynomials, conic sections, inequalities, circular and triangular trigonometry, exponents and logarithms, complex numbers, sequences and series, matrices and probability. The course includes numerous projects involving a variety of media and activities, including data gathering, computer modeling, video presentation and posters.

Calculus
1 credit
Prerequisite: Completion of Pre-Calculus or Algebra II/Trig and teacher recommendation
This course description is the same as the AP Calculus I course. The difference is in the pace of the course. The AP class covers the material in a shorter time to facilitate review and preparation for the AP exam in early May. This non-AP class will terminate with a comprehensive exam at the end of the school year. A student in this class will not be prepared to take the AP exam.

AP Calculus I
1 credit
Prerequisite: Recommendation of Pre-Calculus teacher or exceptional performance in Algebra II/Trig and teacher recommendation (Students will attend one required zero hour each week in addition to the regularly scheduled hour. Students taking AP Calculus I will take the AB portion of the Advanced Placement Calculus exam as a required part of the course.)
This course covers topics in differential and integral calculus, including functions, limits, derivatives and integrals of algebraic and transcendental functions and methods of integration. Practical applications are explored through daily assignments and projects.

AP Calculus II
1 credit
Prerequisite: Recommendation of AP Calculus I teacher. (Note: A portion of this course prepares the student to take the BC portion of the Advanced Placement Calculus exam. Students in this course are expected to take the exam.)
This course covers vector functions and their derivatives, parametric equations and graphs and their derivatives, advanced integration techniques, work as an integral, improper integrals, sequences and series and their convergence, MacLaurin and Taylor series and other selected topics. The pace of the course allows for exploration of other topics, including a variety of technology applications.

AP Statistics
1 credit
Prerequisite: Successful completion of at least Algebra II
The purpose of the AP course in statistics is to introduce students to major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students enrolled in AP Statistics are expected to take the Advanced Placement Statistics exam in the spring. In AP Statistics, students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes:
1. Exploring Data: describing patterns and departures from patterns
2. Sampling and Experimentation: planning and conducting a study
3. Anticipating Patterns: exploring random phenomena using probability and simulation
4. Statistical Inference: estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses

Science teaches the basic principles of our physical and biological world and their influence on and application to our everyday lives. The required courses of "Foundations of Chemistry and Physics" and "Biology" develop a foundation of scientific knowledge and an introduction to the scientific method and are supplemented with a variety of electives to fulfill the third year and college entrance requirements. Lab performance, projects and small group work are significant factors in student evaluation in the science courses.

Selection Process for Advanced Placement Science:
Advanced Placement Science classes are rigorous courses designed to challenge motivated learners; they assume a high level of individual responsibility. To be accepted into one of these classes, a student must obtain an application from his or her science teacher or the science department chairperson. The application procedure requires parental input, an essay describing the student's motivation for taking the course, and an evaluation by the members of the Science Department of the student's ability to succeed in the class in question. The department evaluation focuses on the student's prior performance in science and math, class behavior, attitude, work ethic and aptitude. Note: Students who have earned A's in previous courses are not guaranteed admission to AP courses.

* indicates a required course.

*Foundations of Chemistry and Physics
1 credit
Foundations of Chemistry and Physics is an Upper School student’s first experience in chemistry and physics with emphasis on the development of inquiry-based laboratory skills. The chemistry portion focuses on the properties, structure and classification of matter, the periodic law, atomic theory, chemical reactions, solutions and applications of chemistry in everyday life. The study of physics includes motion, forces, work, power and energy. Students are instructed in the scientific method and experimental design as they learn safe and correct laboratory procedures. Technology related projects are integrated throughout the course. Independent study projects are required during each quarter. Incoming 9th graders who have successfully completed geometry may take Chemistry with the approval of the Academic Dean.

*Biology
1 credit
Prerequisite: MA Foundations of Chemistry and Physics course (or lab and content equivalent).
Students develop understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry, diversity of life and interrelationships between organisms. They develop an awareness of the structure and function of their own body cells, understand humans as biological organisms and examine their role(s) in the ecological world. Topics include ecology, cell biology, taxonomy, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, cell cycle, DNA, genetics and plants.

AP Biology
1 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Must earn a B+ or higher in MA Foundations of Chemistry and Physics (or lab and content equivalent).
AP Biology is a rigorous first year college biology course which covers the material required for the AP Biology exam. In this course, students will develop a conceptual framework for modern biology and an appreciation of science as a process. They will gain personal experience in scientific inquiry, recognize unifying themes that integrate the major topics of biology, and apply biological knowledge and critical thinking to environmental and social concerns. Course content includes the study of three main areas: Molecules and Cells, Heredity and Evolution, and Organisms and Populations. Students develop skills to be collegiate and lifelong learners and are stimulated to use higher order thinking skills as they observe, collect data and interpret results. This course requires a high volume of reading outside of class.

Chemistry
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Biology and a B- or better average in Algebra I or Algebra II
Chemistry is learned through lecture, class activities and experiments. Facts are gathered and arranged in meaningful patterns which reveal regularities that lead to understanding science concepts. Topics considered are properties of matter, chemical bonding, reaction equilibrium, composition of the atom, gas laws, kinetic theory, chemical reactions and stoichiometry. Students gain understanding of chemical concepts and apply them in laboratory and everyday experiences.

AP Chemistry
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: B or higher average in Biology; B or higher average in Algebra II/Trigonometry. Teacher recommendation and application are required.
AP Chemistry covers electronic and molecular structure, the periodic law, chemical bonding, gas laws, solutions, kinetics, reaction equilibrium, acids and bases, reactions and qualitative analysis, nuclear chemistry and organic chemistry. The mathematics of chemistry are emphasized, and the course challenges highly motivated learners as they apply concepts in the laboratory and in everyday experiences. Weekly quizzes will be given during zero hour or activity period. A summer assignment is required. This class is designed to prepare students for the AP Chemistry exam in the spring.

Physics
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite:A grade of C+ or higher in Pre-Calculus or a B or higher in Algebra 2/Trig. It is usually recommended, though not necessary, that high school students complete a course in Chemistry before taking a course in Physics.
Newtonian Mechanics is covered in 1st semester Physics, including 1 and 2-dimensional kinematics, Newton’s Laws, circular motion, and work/energy problems. An assortment of Physics topics are covered 2nd semester, including hydrostatics and dynamics, waves and sound, static and circuit electricity, and Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity. Laboratory experiences are integrated throughout the units of study. Problem solving is highly emphasized. A solid understanding of Trigonometry is necessary and assumed.

AP Physics C
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of AP Calculus I, application and teacher recommendation required.
This course provides an opportunity for students to receive college credit for introductory physics. This course is calculus based, so a student must have already completed a year of calculus or be enrolled in calculus concurrently. The first semester is classical Newtonian physics; the second semester covers aspects of electricity and magnetism. A weekly laboratory experience is required. Students will attend a weekly zero hour session. All students are required to take the AP Physics exam in May.

Environmental Science I
.5 credit
Open to: 11, 12
Prerequisite: Foundations of Chemistry and Physics, Biology
This course provides an overview of the earth’s biosphere, ecosystem interactions, biomes, and environmental concerns. It helps develop understanding of the scientific concepts governing ecosystems. Current environmental issues are examined including population growth, global atmospheric changes, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of soils. These issues will be studied within the context of sustainability, stewardship, and sound science.

Environmental Science II
.5 credit
Open to: 11, 12
Prerequisite: Foundations of Chemistry and Physics, Biology
This course provides an overview of human impact on ecosystems and resources. Students will explore various means of managing this impact with a focus on stewardship. Topics examined through case study include production and distribution of food, pest control, use of energy resources, water and soil pollution, municipal and hazardous waste disposal, and waste remediation projects. Developing a local aquatic field study will be one of the ways in which students investigate some of these topics.

Anatomy and Physiology
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Foundations of Chemistry and Physics or equivalent, AND 10th grade Biology, Honors Biology, or equivalent.
This course is designed for students with great interest in Biology, Health and/or Sports Medicine who wish to expand their knowledge in the areas of human anatomy and physiology. Course content will include in-depth study of human body systems. Special emphasis will be placed on the biological basis of human disease and disorders. Other topics may include the history of medicine, alternative forms of medicine, and ethical issues in medical science. The course will combine lecture/discussion with hands-on laboratory work including dissection of preserved animal specimens, and design of an experiment investigating physiological mechanisms.

Aquatic Science I - Oceanography
0.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Foundations of Chemistry and Physics, Biology
This semester-long course provides an introduction to oceanography, which is the study of the biological, physical, chemical, and geological features of the earth’s oceans. It examines the history and development of ocean basins in the context of the physical phenomena that scientists observe today, such as plate tectonics, tsunamis, waves, tides, and weather patterns. The chemical characteristics and biodiversity of various zones of the ocean will be explored through laboratory exercises. This class is recommended for students who are interested in marine biology or who wish to know more about the integral role of Earth’s oceans in day-to-day life.

Aquatic Science II - Limnology
0.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Foundations of Chemistry and Physics, Biology
This semester-long course provides an introduction to limnology, which is the study of the biological, physical, chemical, and geological properties of inland bodies of freshwater. The hydrologic cycle is examined with an emphasis placed on groundwater, rivers, ponds, and lakes. The processes that control the distribution of biology within water bodies will be discussed and examined on a local level. Laboratory activities will include fieldwork at selected rivers and lakes within the Twin Cities area, which may require some time outside of class. This course is recommended for students interested in freshwater ecology and/or any natural science.

Seeking to develop students who can identify and assume the privileges and responsibilities of United States and global citizenship, these courses give students opportunities to develop skills while analyzing and researching to formulate opinions and answer questions. Students refine communication skills in dealing with controversial issues and are urged to broaden historical perspective, as well as to evaluate history and global studies from a Christian perspective.

* indicates a required course.

*World History I
.5 credit
Open to 9
(Alternates with Reading Bible)
World History I provides a historical, cultural, economic, and geographic study of the Western world. The course is designed to show the continuity of Western civilization’s development from past to modern times. Units include the Emergence of Civilization, the Greek and Roman worlds, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Reformation, Absolute Monarchies, the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution and Napoleon, and The Congress of Vienna and the Metternich System. Students analyze Christianity as a major force in history.

*World History II & III
.5 credit
Open to 10
World History II & III examine the geography, religions, social organizations, histories and current events of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, as well as the history of Western Europe from the fall of Napoleon to the present. The rich and diverse cultural heritage of the people of theses regions will be explored by researching ancient kingdoms, the impact of European invasions and exploration, nationalistic movements and changes to traditional social structures as a result of European domination and colonization. The competition among European nations for overseas colonies during the age of imperialism, the formation of alliances, and the rise of dictators in Western Europe will also be explored to explain the outbreak of World War I, World War II and the Holocaust. Other topics include the formation of the European Union in the aftermath of the World Wars and the fall of the Soviet Union.

*Early American History
.5 credit
Open to 11
(Will be taken first semester)
Focusing on political and philosophical interpretations of the nature of the U.S. government through history, this course covers the Colonial Period, the Revolutionary War and the Early Republic, the Constitution, the Era of Good Feeling, Jacksonian Democracy, the Antebellum Period, and the Civil War and Reconstruction Period. Students identify principles of the American political system and address contemporary problems with historical roots by using historical knowledge to refine definition and seek resolution of those problems.

*Recent American History
.5 credit
Open to 11
(Will be taken second semester)
Covering 20th century U.S. History, topics include the Progressive Era, World War I, the 1920’s, the Great Depression and the New Deal, World War II, the Cold War including the Korean War and the Vietnam War, the Great Society, the Civil Rights Movement, and the 1980’s, 1990’s, and 2000’s. Students study the struggles and accomplishments of all Americans as they broaden their historical perspectives. They compare points of view of historical events and form opinions on issues of importance to the United States.

*Economics
.5 credit
Open to 12
(Alternates with U.S. Government and Politics)
The focus of this course will be on the use of basic concepts in economics as a framework for understanding and making intelligent decisions regarding the many economic issues facing our nation and world. Topics such as market pricing, income distribution, measurements of the economy, the national debt, and monetary and fiscal policy will be among those examined.

*United States Government and Politics
.5 credit
Open to 12
(Alternates with Economics)
This course covers the structure, function, and operation of our national, state and local governments. It will introduce students to the influences of political parties, the media, interest groups and other forces in the political process. The course will emphasize citizenship participation within the political process, and attention will be given to current issues.

Electives:

AP World History
1 credit
Open to 10
(Replaces World History II and III)
Prerequisite: Application process and department approval
This advanced course has its chronological frame as approximately 8000 B.C.E. to the present. AP World History highlights six overarching themes: patterns of interaction among societies; relationships of change and continuity; the impact of technology and demography on people and the environment; systems of social structure and gender structure; cultural and intellectual developments and interactions among and within societies; and changes in functions and structures of states and attitudes towards states and political identifies. These themes serve as unifying threads, helping students to put what is particular about each period of time or society into a larger framework while providing ways to make comparisons over time. For each time period knowledge of major developments that illustrate the six themes and the major civilizations in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe is expected. The course may require the use of zero hour. Students are expected to take the AP Exam in May.

AP United States History
1 credit
Open to 11
(Replaces both semesters of United States History)
Prerequisite: Application process and department approval.
This fast-paced college level course is a comprehensive study of the political, economic, social, religious, intellectual, and artistic themes of United States from colonization through the present day. The course focuses on detailed content and themes of U.S. History. The development of critical thinking, analytical and writing skills are emphasized. Requirements include a summer assignment, weekly essays, readings supplemental to the textbook, and the taking of the Advanced Placement exam in early May.

AP Microeconomics and AP Macroeconomics
1 credit
Open to 12
(Replaces Economics requirement)
Prerequisite: Application process and department approval.
This course combines AP Microeconomics and AP Macroeconomics and is designed to be taken as a full year course. The objective of this course is to give students a thorough understanding of the basic economic principles underlying the behavior of both individual decision-makers within the economy and the market economy as a whole. Topics include basic economic concepts, the nature and function of product and resource markets, the role of government in measuring and monitoring economic performance, fiscal and monetary policy, and international economics. There is an emphasis on the application of theoretical concepts and the use of economic reasoning, graphing and marginal analysis. Students must be able to understand abstract concepts and process new information quickly. Upon completion of the course, students will have the opportunity to take both the AP Microeconomics and AP Macroeconomics exams.

AP United States Government and Politics
.5 credit
Open to 12
(Replaces regular U.S. Government requirement)
Prerequisite: Application process and department approval
This class is intended for students who wish to complete a course in American Government that would be equivalent to a college introductory government class. It is based on the course of study provided by the Advanced Placement program and provides students with the information and skills needed to pass the AP exam. Students will become familiar with the historical development, organization and function of government in the United States. Topics covered include the constitutional underpinnings of United States government, political beliefs and behaviors, political parties and interest groups, mass media, public policy and civil rights and liberties. This class may require summer reading and the use of zero hour.

AP European History
1 credit
Open to 12
Prerequisite: Application process and department approval
This course closely examines European history from 1450 through the present. The content is balanced between the political/diplomatic, social/economic, and cultural/intellectual history of Europe: however, the history of philosophy in Europe during this time is also emphasized. Students read the following great works: The Prince, Candide, Communist Manifesto, Animal Farm, Frankenstein, and Darkness at Noon. Students are challenged to analyze historical evidence and are taught to demonstrate this through effective writing. Students are expected to take the AP Exam in May.

Close-Up Class and Trip to Washington, D.C.
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
(Class will meet first semester)
The Close-Up Class prepares students for their experience in Washington. Current issues such as economics and the national budget, social programs, constitutional rights, crime, the media, health care, defense, Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, foreign aid, and international trade are studied.
The Close Up Trip is a week-long visit to our nation’s capital, during which students take part in seminars and workshops, as well as explore the Capital, Congressional office buildings, the Supreme Court, monuments, memorials, and museums. Students have the opportunity to hear and question senators, representatives, administration officials, reporters, and lobbyists about their jobs and positions on national and international issues. The trip will occur in late February or early March. The cost of the trip in 2008 is $1774. A slight increase is expected every year. A $100 non-refundable deposit is required at the beginning of the class. It is expected that students in the class will go on the trip. A student can register for the trip and not take the class. A student may register to take the class as an independent study in special cases (See Mr. Glenn or Mrs. Johnson).

Introduction to Philosophy
.5 credit
Open to 11,12
This elective course will enter you into dialogue with many of the great minds of the Western world. There will be a strong emphasis on clarity and coherence of thought as we address two main questions: what does it mean to be human, and why does being human present so many challenges? The readings will come from the four main historical time periods. A natural curiosity and the ability to read well are essential.

Introduction to Psychology
.5 credit
Open to 11,12
In this course students will be exposed to the divisions and basic schools of thought associated with psychology as a foundation for further study of the subject. Students will also study nature/nurture, psychological disorders, intelligence theories, sleep/dreams, and hypnosis/memory.

Introduction to Business
.5 credit
Open to 11,12
Helpful to a career in business or a broader perspective of how businesses function, this course is designed to provide an overview of the current business environment, as well as a survey of current issues and trends in American business. Topics include marketing, management, the stock market, and business ethics. Students will participate in simulated on-line investing and create a Power Point marketing presentation as part of this course.

Sacred Studies courses are designed to teach the Word of God by the enabling of the Holy Spirit through the proclamation of the Gospel, instruction in Biblical and religious studies, encouragement of personal spiritual decisions and growth, and direction for life application. Students are recognized as unique and valuable persons created by God.

All Sacred Studies are 0.5 credit courses.

* indicates a required course.

*Reading Bible
.5 credit
Open to 9
(Alternates with World History)
This is an introductory course in reading the Bible in its many types of literature. We examine the Bible’s formation and traditional resources for interpreting and understanding the text. Highlighted is a literary approach called midrash that comes from the ancient rabbinic tradition.

*Life and Teachings of Christ
.5 credit
Open to 10
The format of this course is to study the life of Christ through several portraits. The course begins with a background study of the gospels, Old Testament prophecy and the historical background to the life of Jesus. The portraits studied include Jesus as picture or incarnation of God, Jesus as miracle worker, Jesus as initiator of the Kingdom of God, Jesus as teacher (sayings, parables and ethics of the Kingdom) and Jesus as Savior and Resurrected King.

The Church
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
This upper level Bible course is a historical survey of the four periods of the Christian Church: The Early Church, The Medieval Church, The Reformation, and the Modern period. This is a college preparatory class with regular reading assignments, exams, and research papers.

Old Testament Survey
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
While there is a great variety of literature in the Bible (history, poetry, letters, diaries, genealogies, etc.) there is basically one story, the story of God's call and humanity's response to that call. This course is designed to study the Old Testament part of this story and to help students ask the questions and listen for the answers the Bible gives to the most important matters in life, about God and our relationship with Him. Our textbook is the Bible which has a key place as both the witness to God's revelation of Himself in the past, and the actual instrument or means through which He reveals Himself today.

The Uniqueness of Christianity
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
This course begins by examining the basic concepts and religious philosophies of the major worldviews. By studying Secular Humanism, Marxist-Leninism, Cosmic Humanism, Islam and Postmodernism, students come to a basic understanding of 97% of the world in which they live. Using that philosophic framework, the students engage the different religions that fit within those frameworks. Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions of the world, as well as some of the smaller religious movements of North America are studied in light of this beginning study of worldview. Most importantly, these religions are evaluated in light of Biblical Christianity and the historic propositional theology presented in the Bible.

New Testament Studies
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
In this course students read and discuss the portion of Scriptures from Acts to Revelation. As students read, they uncover issues related to the beliefs, practices, and social, historical, and cultural background of the earliest Christians. Investigations of these issues help students to understand what the writings are saying to their original audiences and to modern readers today.

Honors Christian Ethics
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: B+ average in Sacred Studies, Social Studies and English; or permission of teacher
This course is a discussion-based investigation of the topic of morality in the context of a living Christian faith. Students are challenged to think for themselves about what is right and wrong, about how to live lives of moral integrity, and about how to make decisions concerning current social and moral issues. Students in this course are expected to read and write well, to be self-motivated and independent, and to be able to handle sensitive topics in a mature way.

*Senior Capstone
.5 credit
Open to 12
In this discussion-based course students are challenged to wrestle with what it means to be persons of faith in this world. Students are encouraged and guided in the process of making, defining, and defending their own decisions about faith issues. Topics include a range of Christian beliefs, personal discipleship and spirituality, and relating to people who believe differently from oneself.

Fundamentals of Art and Design
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Fall and Spring Semester
Students will learn a variety of artistic techniques and gain experience in various art mediums through exploring the elements of art and design: Line, Color, Shape, Space, Form, Texture and Value. Students will learn art fundamentals through assignments in drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture and ceramics. Shortened Monday periods are used to explore Art History and the context of visual ideas.

Drawing
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Fall Semester
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design
Students will explore the wide range of artistic possibilities in the subject of drawing, and will create works in pencil, charcoal, ink and pastel. The course will include units in line drawing, portraiture/figure drawing, still life, abstract and perspective technical drawing. Students will keep a regular sketchbook.

Ceramics
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Fall Semester
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design
This challenging course will introduce students to the wide range of techniques involved in creating functional pottery. Students will use the pottery wheel to create bowls, plates and mugs, as well as create large-scale hand built pots. They will also work with glazes and firing techniques to develop colored finishes.

Painting
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Spring Semester
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design
Students in Painting class will learn how to control color and advance their skills across a wide range of mediums and techniques. Assignments in the course are designed to teach the importance of good composition and use of the elements and principles of art and design. Students will make paintings using watercolor, acrylic and oil paint. They will also get to stretch their own canvases. We will also study famous paintings in art history.

Sculpture
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Spring Semester
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design
This class will explore art in the 3rd dimension. Students will learn about sculpture through a range of assignments, including figure sculptures and portrait heads in clay, the assemblage of sculptures from found objects, and carvings in wood and stone. Other materials used in sculpting throughout the semester are cardboard, wax, wire and sheet metal. This class promises to be challenging and fun.

AP Studio Art (Drawing, 2D Design or 3D emphasis)
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Fundamental of Art and Design and at least 2 medium courses. Application process and approval of art teacher
This class is closely modeled after a college-level art course. Students develop their own unique ideas and express them in a series of artistic works. These works fulfill the portfolio requirements of the AP College Board, and are submitted for judging at the end of the year. Students choose the media and subject matter themselves, work one-on-one with the instructor and receive weekly class critiques. This class is especially recommended for those students with interest in pursuing an art related career or college program.

Beginning Photography
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Students provide their own 35mm SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera. (Some cameras are available on loan against a deposit.)
This semester course explores the craft and creativity of traditional black and white photography. Activities include camera operation, exposure control, lighting, composition, film processing, and darkroom printing. Assignments vary from exploring organic and mechanical shapes to interpreting abstract concepts into concrete photographs. In the darkroom students learn print manipulations such as solarizing, hand-coloring of prints, and creating negative sandwiches. Students also learn to dry mount their work and prepare it for public display.

Advanced Photography
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Beginning Photography and instructor's approval. Students provide their own 35mm SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera. Students will also need access to a digital camera with any kind of removable media card. The school cannot provide digital cameras.
This semester course builds upon skills learned in Beginning Photography, providing opportunities for students to further explore the art of photography. While the students will continue to use the traditional darkroom, part of the course includes an introduction the “Digital Darkroom.” Students receive an introduction to Photoshop, along with specific instruction in photojournalism and documentary photography. Students can also expect to create large format negatives from digital files and print from these in the “Wet” darkroom. Other traditional processes include experimenting with liquid emulsion on surfaces such as wood and canvas. Students spend a large portion of the second quarter articulating and exploring their individual photographic style, learning how to critique work, and creating a final portfolio focused on one specific genre.

Exploration of Theatre
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
This course may be taken more than one semester.
One thing you can be sure of if you take this class: you will rarely sit in a desk! Daily exercises will challenge your imagination and lead you to understand the cornerstones of performance. Also, a comprehensive study of theatre history will show how the past affects the present.

Acting
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of “Exploration of Theatre” course or involvement in theater program or teacher approval.
Students in this course will learn the fundamentals of acting through study and performance. Students will learn how to study a text, find a sub-text, create authentic characters, play action rather than emotion, and discover their capacity to portray a range of character types and styles. Performance and Script Analysis will be the assessment used.

Technical Theatre
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Exploration of Theatre, Involvement in technical theatre, or permission of instructor
All the world’s a stage, but how do you create a world for the theatre? This class explores design in the areas of lights, sound, set, and costumes. Students get an overview of all the areas and then choose an area of specialty. Practical work in the chosen area as well as designs for each area are created during the semester.

Beginning Filmmaking
.5 Credit
Open to 9,10, 11, 12
A hands-on class where students explore and experiment with how to tell (direct) stories visually. Students will learn the basics in making short films: grammatical visual language, shooting plans, screenwriting, directing and editing. In addition, students will gain an understanding of film history and evolution of the moving image. Students will shoot their short films on digital video cameras and edit them on iMovie. During the course of the semester, students will complete (write, shoot, direct and edit) one class group film, one silent film (three to five minutes), one sound exercise (30 seconds), and one dialogue film (three to five minutes).

Intermediate Filmmaking
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Beginning Filmmaking
In this second level course, students will build on the basics learned in Beginning Filmmaking. Students will explore different genres of filmmaking and analyze how these genres can affect their own film work. Students will film and edit 5 films during the semester: a stop motion animation film, a documentary short, a mood piece, an experimental film, and a final film. The final film for this class must be entered in a local film festival for judging.

Advanced Filmmaking
.5 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Beginning Filmmaking and Intermediate Filmmaking
This course is the highest-level course in the filmmaking series for students with strong interest and ability. Students will identify a national festival or contest at the start of the semester, and they will write, film, and edit a script for that competition. Special attention will be paid to the process of revision in all stages of filming.

Beginning Graphic Design
.5 credit
Open to 9, 10,11,12
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design. Students will need access to a digital camera with a removable media card. The school cannot provide digital cameras.
Graphic design is essentially about problem-solving. The core of this course is the skillful combining of images and text through computer-aided page design in order to communicate a given message. Through demonstrations, guided practice, and projects, students learn to use the MAC-based software programs Adobe Photoshop and InDesign. Students study basic design concepts, including typography, layout, space, color and form, and apply these to the creation of informative and persuasive materials. Students shoot their own photographs that are then used in the projects that require images. Specific assignments include creating posters, CD covers, brochures, and magazine layouts.

Advanced Graphic Design
.5 credit
Open to 10,11,12
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Art and Design and Beginning Graphic Design
The course is a continuation of Beginning Graphic Design, expanding to projects that are larger and more complex in scale. Students learn the business and marketing side of design, and create digital art and designs using Adobe Photoshop and InDesign software programs. A final project consists of creating an original brand and all the parts of the brand’s visual identity.

Woodworking
1 credit
Open to 9,10,11,12
This introductory course deals with the proper use and care of handtools, power tools, and common woodworking machines. Students learn safe and proper use of hand and power tools in the construction of several required projects. They learn basic woodworking procedures of construction, design, joinery and finishing, and gain a working knowledge of abrasives, hardware, and adhesives as they relate to home use. The cost of materials is covered by student fees.

Advanced Woodworking
1 credit
Open to 10,11,12
Prerequisite: At least a B in Woodworking or an equivalent course from another school or teacher's approval.
Advanced machine procedures and woodworking methods, along with related information, are covered. Increasingly difficult woodworking practices are stressed with emphasis on learning by doing. Five different projects are chosen and will vary according to the individual student, with estimated costs being figured prior to building. Students will develop safe and proper hand and power tool habits and begin advanced procedures of construction, joinery and design. Students are responsible for the cost of materials for their chosen projects.

Women's Chorale
1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: approval of instructor
Music sung in the Women's Chorale will represent a wide variety of styles and periods. Development of vocal methods and musicianship will be emphasized. In addition to Christmas and Spring Concerts and the Madrigal Dinner, the ensemble may also lead in worship and/or perform at other various functions. This class is a prerequisite to Singers. Auditions for Singers will be held each spring. Students may repeat this class as often as they wish. Depending on enrollment, Women's Chorale may be combined with Men's Choir.

Men's Choir
1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: approval of instructor
Music sung in the Men's Choir will represent a wide variety of styles and periods. Development of vocal methods and musicianship will be emphasized. In addition to Christmas and Spring Concerts and the Madrigal Dinner, the ensemble may also lead in worship and/or perform at other various functions. This class is a prerequisite to Singers. Auditions for Singers will be held each spring. Students may repeat this class as often as they wish. Depending on enrollment, Men's Choir may be combined with Women's Chorale.

Singers
1 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Women’s Chorale or Men’s Choir, and audition. (Exceptions may be made for students with at least one year of high school instrumental music.)
This select choir develops vocal skills, including sight-reading, tone quality and artistic interpretation. The Singers perform locally and in alternate years take an extensive concert tour. Music of all periods is studied and performed including a cappella and accompanied literature. Students must have a good sense of pitch, a basic knowledge of music and the ability to read and carry a part. Grading criteria include basic theory, concert attendance, and concert reports.

Symphonic Wind Ensemble
1 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: audition required
The Symphonic Wind Ensemble is selected in the spring of the preceding school year by audition with the director. Requirements include commitment to individual practice, rehearsals and performances and participation in pep band. This group studies advanced band literature, focusing on musicianship and artistic interpretation. The Symphonic Wind Ensemble takes an extensive concert tour on alternating years. Grading requirements include lessons or sectionals, listening analysis, concert reports and participation in all band events.

Concert Band
1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11
Concert Band is open to all instrumental music students. Requirements include commitment to individual practice, rehearsals and performances and participation in Pep Band. This group studies the fundamentals of good technique and musicianship and performs a wide variety of quality literature. Grading requirements include lessons or sectionals, concert reports and participation in all band events.

Orchestra
1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Orchestra is open to all Upper School string players. Students play a variety of orchestral literature representing different styles and time periods. In addition to class rehearsal time, students participate weekly in one full orchestra rehearsal with winds, brass, and percussion. Student solos and ensembles are encouraged, and all students have the opportunity to compete at state competition. The Orchestra takes an extensive concert tour in alternating years.

Symphony Orchestra
non-credit
Open to winds, brass, and percussion students by audition and recommendation from Band directors.
Symphony Orchestra is a co-curricular ensemble opportunity for band students. Wind, brass, and percussion students join the string orchestra to perform advanced repertoire in a full orchestra setting. These musicians gain solo-quality playing experience, while exploring a variety of symphonic literature.

Madrigal Singers
non-credit
Open to Singers members, audition required
This 16 or 18-voice mixed ensemble specializes in chamber music and music of the madrigal style. The Madrigal Singers give several performances each year in school and around the Twin Cities, including an annual Madrigal Dinner. The class meets before school (7:30 A.M.) at least twice a week with additional rehearsals as necessary.

Jazz Ensembles
non-credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
The Jazz Ensembles are open to any Band and/or Orchestra students with director permission. The Ensembles meet twice a week before school and perform at most major band concerts as well as at the annual Jazz Festival. Students learn to play a variety of jazz styles and gain experience in improvisation techniques as a part of this ensemble. Jazz Band meets before school (7:30 A.M.) twice a week with additional rehearsals as necessary.

Pep Band
non-credit
Pep Band is required of all members of Concert and Symphonic Wind Ensemble. The Pep Band performs at selected home games of football, soccer, hockey, and both boys and girls basketball.

Vocal Studies (offered as available)
non-credit
Open to all students on an individual basis. Special fee.
These optional 30 minute lessons, which may be taken during the school day or after school as the student’s schedule permits, are especially valuable for choir students. Concentration is on basis techniques for good vocal production, poise in performance and development of musicianship.

Orchestra Ensembles
non-credit
Advanced chamber groups meet before school. These groups perform a wide variety of music and stress good musicianship. Chamber orchestra participation is determined by audition. Other string ensembles, as well as private and group lessons, are also available.

World Languages help students develop a world perspective necessary for future college study, travel or business. All languages require study; they are equally challenging and should be started early to obtain a high level of proficiency. Each language course stresses the development of proficiency in listening, reading comprehension, speaking and writing. Each level includes grammatical concepts, oral classroom participation, and proficiency testing. Field trips, skits, culture days, visual presentations and music enhance language study. In addition, students participate in competition and off-campus experiences with language students from around the state. Students will be required to purchase workbooks.

Through the Amity Scholar program, French and Spanish classes benefit by having native-speaking young adults who assist in the classroom, bringing current cultural custom and perspectives to the class. Every other year students are offered the opportunity to travel to French and Spanish speaking countries for two to four weeks. These trips include touring, may include a family stay and are led by the classroom instructors. Latin students have the opportunity to travel to Italy every other year for a two-week trip.

Two years of language study in the same language are required for graduation. Requests to delay or waive the taking of language due to a professionally diagnosed, language-based learning disability must be made through the guidance counselor.

French I
Spanish I
Latin I
1 credit each
Beginning language programs introduce students to pronunciation, intonation patterns and basic structures of the language and enable them to use these structures within a defined vocabulary range in speaking, listening, reading and writing. The vocabulary and structures also incorporate material on culture and geography. Students use basic language structures with ease and accuracy, understand the language when spoken slowly with a limited vocabulary, and carry on simple conversations in the language. They express ideas in writing using a basic vocabulary and understand the written language in a controlled vocabulary situation.

Chinese I
1 credit
Chinese 1 is a year long course designed to help students become motivated learners in the Chinese language with emphasis placed on Mandarin pronunciation (Pinyin system), fundamental skills of writing Chinese characters, and some simple conversational skills. After completion of this course, students will be able to continue with the Chinese 2 course at Minnehaha Academy. Students will acquire the following skills:

• Pronunciation: Accurate pronunciation of Chinese sounds, words, and characters learned in the course.
• Listening: Ability to understand classroom Chinese and everyday Chinese on the topics covered in the course.
• Grammar: Correct use of sentence patterns introduced in the textbook.
• Reading: Ability to understand and correctly read texts aloud in Pinyin.
• Conversation: Ability to converse in Mandarin on various subject matters
• Orthography: Ability to correctly recognize 150 Chinese characters and the basic radicals.

French II
Spanish II
Latin II
1 credit each
Prerequisite: Successful completion of Language 1A and 1B at MA's Middle School OR French I, German I, Spanish I or Latin I.
The second year of a language continues the study of structural patterns. Classroom activities concentrate on developing listening and speaking skills. Reading and writing skills are developed through authentic reading materials. Slides, films, tapes and magazines develop understanding of culture and civilization while reinforcing language skills and vocabulary. Students develop proficiency in speaking, understanding, reading and writing by focusing on communication with accuracy in an authentic cultural context.

Chinese II
1 credit
Prerequisite: Successful completion of Chinese I
Chinese 2 will emphasize Mandarin pronunciation, fundamental skills of writing Chinese characters, and more conversational skills. After completion of this course, students will develop oral and written skills in Mandarin Chinese for common situations in school and at home. Students will be expected to communicate ideas in Chinese involving numbers, dates, time, hobbies, traveling, shopping, and other real-life needs. Upon the completion of the course, the learners will be able to acquire the following skills:

• Pronunciation: Accurate pronunciation of all Chinese words and characters learned in this semester.
• Listening: Ability to understand classroom Chinese and everyday Chinese on the topics covered in and relevant to the textbook.
• Grammar: Correct use of grammatical structures introduced in the textbook.
• Reading: Ability to understand and read aloud correctly texts in both Pinyin and Mandarin characters covered in the textbook.
• Conversation: Ability to converse in Mandarin on subject matters covered in the textbook.
• Orthography: ability to recognize correctly 150 new Chinese characters, and to write accurately 100 characters with correct stroke order from memory.

French III
Spanish III
Latin III
1 credit each
Open to 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite: A grade of B- (80%) or higher for the second semester of level II.
The third year course is designed to review and reinforce what was learned in courses I and II while learning more grammar and vocabulary. Special emphasis is placed on learning to use and understand the language in real-life situations. In addition, students read authentic literature and learn strategies which make reading easier and more enjoyable. A variety of media in the language are used to integrate language and culture. Students demonstrate greater confidence and fluency in speaking and writing the language. Daily oral participation in class, in addition to oral and written evaluation, will determine student grades at this level.

Honors French IV
Honors Spanish IV
1 credit each
Prerequisite for Spanish IV: Grade of B+ or higher in Spanish III; application and teacher recommendation are required.
Students learn to use the language in a personal, creative and realistic way while discussing issues related to the culture. In the fourth year students develop conversation, reading and writing strategies. Real life situations are used to practice the language skills. Authentic text materials are used to present history, geography, cooking, sociology and politics of the countries where the target language is spoken. Literature is read in the authentic text and discussed. Grammar is occasionally reviewed as necessary. Vocabulary is greatly expanded and practiced.

Honors Latin IV
1 credit each
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Grade of B+ or higher in Latin III, application and teacher recommendation are required.
In this course students will improve their translation and interpretation skills while reading a selection of influential poets including Horace, Ovid, and Catullus. Weekly grammatical and vocabulary exercises will supplement the translation assignments. Additional emphasis will be placed on relevant historical, archaeological, and philosophical elements that are pertinent to the texts.

World Language Honors Courses, AP Exams and College in the Schools
All students have the opportunity to take the Advanced Placement test after the fourth or fifth year. The college credits received by the following courses may be transferable to colleges and universities other than those through which the course is offered. Additional fees to the college are required and students will be required to purchase texts. Please read the following information carefully.

Honors French V
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Bethel College: 6 semester credits (equals one full year of college French)
COST: approximately $300 tuition plus purchase of textbooks. Those taking the course for high school credit only will purchase texts but not pay tuition. AP test not required.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of French III or IV and instructor's recommendation.

Intermediate French I (FRE 201E) Fall semester, 3 credits
Synthesis and expansion of language study in order to further develop students’ ability to understand and communicate in French. Study of the diverse cultures of the French-speaking world of Europe, Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean.

Intermediate French II (FRE 202E) Spring semester, 3 credits
Further development of proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in French while studying life in the French-speaking world of Europe, Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean.

AP Spanish
1 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: Grade of B+ or higher in Spanish IV; application and teacher recommendation are required.
This course is designed to build on concepts that have been learned in previous Spanish levels in order to improve language fluency and to prepare students for the AP Spanish Language exam. Active communication, reading comprehension, grammar, composition, and aural/oral skills will be practiced so that students develop useful language skills that can be applied to various contexts. Attention will be given to equip students for the AP exam, which has an extremely specific format.

Honors Latin V (College in the Schools)
1 credit
Open to 12
University of Minnesota: 4 Credits (Equivalent of one year of college Latin )
Cost: Approximately $135 tuition
Prerequisite: Grade of B+ or higher in Honors Latin IV; application and teacher recommendation are required.
In this course, students will read large selections of the works of Ovid and Catullus in Latin. The aim of this course is to improve the student’s ability to read, translate, analyze, and interpret Latin. Reading and interpretation of the text will be coupled with vocabulary and grammatical exercises. Additional emphasis will be placed on relevant historical, archaeological, and philosophical elements. The student will gain substantial knowledge of the Latin language and develop a foundation for independent research skills appropriate for university philological research.

AP Latin
1 credit
Open to 12
Prerequisite: Grade of B+ or higher in Honors Latin IV; application and teacher recommendation are required.
In this course, students will read large selections of the works of Ovid and Catullus in Latin. The aim of this course is to improve the student’s ability to read, translate, analyze, and interpret Latin. Reading and interpretation of the text will be coupled with vocabulary and grammatical exercises. Additional emphasis will be placed on relevant historical, archaeological, and philosophical elements. The student will gain substantial knowledge of the Latin language and develop a foundation for independent research skills appropriate for university philological research. The AP exam is required.

* indicates a required course.

*Physical Education I
.5 credit
Alternates with Health 9
The 9th grade physical education curriculum is based on the Fitness for Life curriculum. Activities are developed around the fitness components of cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, strength and flexibility. The student is given the opportunity to develop his or her own fitness level while enhancing skills in selected individual and team sports. Emphasis is placed on social development, sportsmanship and participation.

*Health 9
.5 credit
Alternates with Physical Education I
This course is designed to provide students with information needed to make healthy decisions. Personal health and behavior, decision making, nutrition, drug education, AIDS/STDs, mental health and a study of the human body are included.

*Physical Education II
.5 credit
Usually taken in 10th grade as an alternate with Life and Teachings of Christ
All activities in the curriculum are based on the components of fitness which include cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, strength and flexibility. Emphasis is on using these components in each of the class electives.

Choose one of the following three electives. (Because of limited availability, students are not guaranteed their first choice.)

• A. Sports and Conditioning (CS): Emphasis is on sports and activities that develop cardiovascular and over-all fitness. Activities may include weight-lifting, aerobics, indoor soccer, floor hockey, basketball, ball games and student-designed obstacle courses and games.
• B. Lifetime Sports (LS): Focus is on lifetime sports and activities. Activities may include indoor and outdoor recreational games, tennis, golf, cross-country skiing, inline skating, volleyball, frisbee games and pickleball.
• C. Team Sports (TS): Curriculum will focus on team sports and activities. Activities may include volleyball, basketball, floor hockey, soccer, football, team handball, lacrosse and softball.

Sports Medicine I
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: B- or higher in Biology or teacher permission. Recommended that students take Sports Medicine I and II in sequence as a full-year course, but semesters may be taken separately.
Designed to introduce students to the field of sports medicine with emphasis on athletic training, sports injuries and related factors. The class includes background study of anatomy and physiology and the effects of injuries, exercise, nutrition and performance-enhancing drugs on the human body. Students will also participate in practical activities such as taping, training procedures, and investigative computer programs.

Sports Medicine II
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
Prerequisite: B- or higher in Biology or teacher permission. Recommended that students take Sports Medicine I and II in sequence as a full-year course, but semesters may be taken separately.
This course, a continuation of exposure to the field of sports medicine, is an immersion into emergency care. Students will participate in hands-on training in emergencies in sports, advanced first-aid and CPR. These practical activities will include creating and responding to simulated accidents (moulages). Certification in Healthcare provider CPR is available.

*Current Health Issues
.5 credit
Open to 11 (and 12 for those seniors who have not yet taken this course)
Emphasizing healthy choices and decisions, topics include: ethics and health; stress, depression and mental illness; death and grief; euthanasia; STDs and AlDS; substance abuse; sexuality and morals, using abstinence-based materials; and crisis issues in relationships. CPR and emergency first aid are also included.

Personal Fitness
.5 credit
Open to 11, 12
In this course students will learn what it means to be physically fit and understand the different components and aspects of fitness. Instruction in proper stretching, weight training and exercise is provided. Students will design a fitness program suited to their own needs and individual fitness goals. They will be able to assess and develop their own personal fitness levels while being involved in weight training and activities/sports that promote cardiovascular fitness.

AP Computer Science
1 credit
Open to 10, 11, 12
Application Process
This full-year course is designed for students who have a strong interest in computer science, who want to learn the principles of programming and who wish to prepare for the Advanced Placement Exam in Computer Science. The languages, primitive data types, dynamic allocation of memory, linear data structures and the comparison of searching and sorting algorithms are included. The Java programming language will be used.

Graphic Design
See courses listed under Fine Arts

Learning Lab
.5 or 1 credit
Open to 9, 10, 11, 12
Admission by special process - see counselors.
Organization and study habits are developed as students do homework from other classes. Designed for students with diagnosed learning disabilities or academic needs which require additional classroom support, the class is graded pass/fail based on effective use of class time. Students become increasingly independent in knowing and working with their academic strengths and weaknesses.